The application performs encryption with hardcoded initialization vector (IV). In case of encrypting related messages with the same key and hardcoded IV an attacker can obtain information about the message. For secure encryption it is necessary for the IV to be cryptographically pseudorandom, that is, unpredictable to an attacker.

Sensitive Data Exposure vulnerabilities take the third place in the “OWASP Top 10 2017” web-application vulnerabilities ranking.

References

CRITICAL

Ruby : Hardcoded initialization vector

Classification

Overview

References

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See also

Ruby : Weak hashing algorithm

Ruby : Empty encryption key

Ruby : Hardcoded sensitive data